Section 1: The Financial Services Environment: Essential Concepts and Terminology
- Which financial products are traded and why incl. Cash; Securities (Equity, Bonds); Derivatives; Commodities
- How financial products are categorised incl. the Capital Market, the Money Market, the Foreign Exchange Market, the Derivatives Market, ehe Commodities Market
- Major Participants, their motivations and objectives
Section 2: Securities Products
- Equity and Debt Characteristics: Similarities and Differences
- Debt Types
Section 3: Bringing Securities to the Marketplace: Equity & Debt Primary Market
- Equity: IPO
- Government Debt: Auction
- Non-Government Debt: Syndication
- Trading venues, including investment exchanges and multilateral trading facilities
Section 4: The Front Office: Structure & Responsibilities of Trading and Sales
- Trading incl. Traders, trading capacity, trading books, taking positions, risk etc.
- Sales incl. relationships, order placements, identifying issues etc.
- Impact of automation, high-frequency and innovation
Section 5: The Middle Office: Typical Responsibilities of Trade Support/Confirmation, Risk Management, Reporting
- Trade capture
- Issues impacting settlement
- Risk management and P&L Calculation
Section 6: Back Office Operations: Key Responsibilities of Pre-matching, Settlements, Corporate Actions, Asset Servicing and Static Data
- Static Data
- Ensuring Trade Details Are Agreed by Counterparties
- Trade Settlement
- Securities and Cash Reconciliation
- Processing of Income, Withholding Tax and Corporate Actions
Section 7: Trading and Settling Securities Trades: Securities Trade Lifecycle Overview
- Trading Methods (Exchange trading versus OTC)
- Trade Execution (Legal contract and firm’s commitment)
- Trade Capture
- Trade Confirmation (SWIFT and Central Trade Manager)
- Trade Settlement
- Asset Reconciliation (Reconciling securities positions & cash balances at CSD/custodian)
Section 8: Overview of Repo, Securities Lending and Collateral
- Trade Finance and short-selling
- Use of repos and securities lending
- Collateralised trading and margin calls
Section 9: Key Regulation on marketplace
- Key regulation and objectives, covering Dodd Frank, EMIR, MiFID, CSDR, AIFMD
- Impact of regulation and anticipated future trends
- KYC requirements
- Anti-Money Laundering (AML)
Securities Lending & Borrowing (SLB) – The Fundamentals
What is Securities Lending?
The Purpose: Why Do Lenders Lend & Borrowers Borrow?
Participants & Structure
Trading Strategies
Examples
SLB Trade Lifecycle - An Overview
Short Selling, Naked Short Selling
Locates, Trade Execution & Fails
Margin
Corporate Events
Billing
The Marketplace – Participants & Stakeholders
Lenders, Borrowers and Intermediaries
Examples
The Lender’s Perspective: Motivations and Considerations
The Borrower’s Perspective: Motivations and Considerations
Global custodians
Third-party lending agents
Central counterparties
Anecdotes
SLB Trade Lifecycle
Pre-trading, Locates
Trade execution
Pre-settlement
Settlement
Buy-ins
Mark to Market
Margin calls
Recall/return of lent settlements
Fees & Billing
Assets & Collateral
Equity vs Fixed Income
Fundamental collateral concepts
Margin: Purpose & use
Types of collateral
Rehypothecation
Legal Documentation
GMSLA
Securities lending agency agreement
GMRA
Updating Books & Records
Securities bookkeeping: Definition & purpose
Importance of updating books & records
Updating books and records for lent/borrowed securities, cash and non-cash collateral, fees and rebates
SLB and Corporate Actions
Corporate actions: Overview
Income
*Cash dividends
*Lent securities
*Short sale proceeds
*Lent/borrowed equity
Voting
Withholding tax
Risks in Securities Lending & Borrowing
Market Risk
Credit Risk
Operational Risk
Legal Risk
Reputational Risk
Regulation
Introduction
EU short selling & financial transactions tax
CSDR
Reporting to a central trade repository
Recent SLB Scandals & Controversies
The Lehman saga uncover